Tonification and dispersion-types of needle manipulation
   
  Tonification
  -Used for deficiency
  -Eg. Asthma
  -Helps to strengthen body’s defenses and build a weakened system
   
  Dispurtion
  -Used for excess
  -Eg. Phlegm
  -Eliminates pathogenic factors and helps to harmonize an overactive system.  Also expels heat and stops spasms.
   
  5 Methods
  1.  Lifting and Thrusting- get needle in to desired depth, find qi 
  - to tonify: life needle slowly, and insert forcefully
  -  to disperse: lift rapidly, insert slowly
   
  2. Twisting and Thrusting- amplitude, speed, direction
  - to tonify: gentle amplitude, slowly, clockwise emphasis
  -  to disperse: strong , fast, counterclockwise emphasis
   
  3. Opening or closing hole
  - to tonify: close hole after removing needle
  - to disperse: leave hole open after removing needle
   
  4. Direction of needle (channel)
  - To tonify- go with the channel
  - To disperse- go against the channel 
   
  5. Breathing
  -  to tonify – insert on exhale, remove on inhale
  -  to disperse- insert on inhale, remove on exhale
   
  Even Method- no tonifying or dispersing